Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Short Story - 732 Words

Looming near the cave entrance, rays of golden sunlight streaming in, Cathaldus stretches. The storm has been silenced and he can already feel the familiar tingle in his wings as they flutter in desperation to feel the sun again. He gives them a shake, flapping and stretching outwards before once again pulling them around him tightly to feel their warmth. Deasun’s cloak weighs heavy against his skin, worn but soft from rubbing against Deasun’s armor plates as he pulls it closer. The garment still smells of the Esu, reminding the lonely Ceo of smoke and the smell of charcoal. It makes his chest tighten, his entire being aching to once again embrace the male close against him. He already misses Deasun, misses the feel of him against his†¦show more content†¦He hates feeling as though he has let the former prince down. Snow covers the village roofs, ice hanging from their dwellings, as Cathaldus steps out into the freshly fallen snow. The villagers below know what to look for, know to signal them should anyone but he and Deasun approach. The pair took a great risk in revealing themselves here, but word of their deeds had spread quietly through the Neutrals--they had been deemed their warriors, unable to fight for themselves but hopeful they would continue to find a solution somehow. Cathaldus hopes that in the end, their efforts dont fall short or disappoint them. After all, he is grateful of their love, their happiness and what he has found with Deasun--but he still has to make things right and if they once again take their thrones and ascend, then they will unite this world, together. As equals, not enemies. Unfolding his wings, bathed in the sunlight, Cathaldus closes his eyes as he can do nothing but wait. The warmth makes him grateful. He was sick of laying on the cavern floor on animal pelts without Deasun to curl into. He breathes in deeply. Should Deasun manage his escape with Imp when he frees her, from here they would leave together--find another place to hide. In the meantime, however, he’s still required to meet his own needs. Cathaldus sighs, swallowing his emotions as he sheathes his sword. His stomach growls. Perhaps he could find a hare or some of the Iris berries that seemShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events Short Story - 732 Words The father arrived at the library at 4:08 P.M. with food for his children. The children were dropped off at 4:00 P.M. As soon as Yvette spotted her father, she shouted, â€Å"Papa, papa† and asked her father to sit next to her at the sofa. They quickly moved into a room to eat and talk. Holding a stack of books, Yvette followed her father. Gabriel asked his father an iPhone but his father declined. Sebastian participated in the conversation about iphone and Android. Yvette, on the other hand, tried to call for her father’s attention while sitting in his lap. Moaning and whining, she called, â€Å"papa, papa, look† and flipped the book’s page. After talking to his son, the father read books with Yvette. He invited his children orange juices and†¦show more content†¦When the father came back, they shared Meji Panda cookies. After snacking, Gabriel stepped out to pick up more books. Noticing the gold necklace was visible outside Gabriel’s shir t, the father asked him to cover it up. Gabriel came back with a stack of books and dropped some of them on the floor. The father asked him to pick it up and to keep the neat. Yvette commented, â€Å" You cannot read all of that.† The father ask Gabriel to put back all of his books and to keep the door closed. When Gabriel was back into the room, the father asked him to read book and to remain quiet. Sitting in her father’s lap, Yvette burped repeatedly and smiled. Reading an extreme illusion book, Gabriel told his father that the wheels moved and asked his father to look. Yvette, in the meantime, picked her nose. The father explained that she imitated the act of a character in a book. The mother stopped by the visitation room and asked if the visit was over. When the mother asked about her relationship to the children, the father explained that it was their mother. Mumbling, Sebastian was certain that she was of course their mother. When Sebastian overheard conversati on about work flexibility, he pulled his leg close to his face to show his flexibility. Smiling at Sebastian, theShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Monday, December 23, 2019

Advertising Essays - 843 Words

ADVERTISING: RIGHT OR WRONG nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The largest money-making industry in the United States today is advertising. During events such as the Super Bowl, companies pay large sums of money in return for thirty seconds of air time. Advertising is the act of promoting a product by informing the public of the products worth. Whether it be television, radio, or newspapers, companies must find a distinct name and phrase that one can associate with their product; nonetheless, people often take offense to these names and phrases. People claim that often times these product names promote racial stereotypes and racial disunity. While some people may take offense to the name of the product as well as the way companies go about†¦show more content†¦In the article â€Å"Crazy Horse Beer Brews a Legal Storm,† by Michael Gartner, one reads of Indians who take offense to Crazy Horse beer. These groups of Indians advocate the removal of the beer due to it exploiting the name of their famous Indian leader Crazy Horse. Robert Sack, a lawyer for the First Amendment, states it best by saying, â€Å"Nothing could be more dangerous in a democracy than banning things simply because people find them offensive or unlikeable.†1 The First Amendment does not state that everyone must be satisfied in order to have this freedom of expression. The First Amendment’s purpose, as Sack points out, is to give everyone the right to an opinion! no matter what others think. If an advertisement does not maliciously attack a race or group in society, then that advertisement is simply practicing its First Amendment right. Therefore, one cannot assume that advertisements promote racism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While advertising is a practice of the First Amendment, government has set various rules that limit both what and how one can advertise; as a result, malicious acts of racism and racial disunity cease to exist. Government agencies have developed copyrights and patents to ensure the protection of people’s rights and ideals. If one does not wish to have the name of something or someone very dear to him exploited, than that individual has the right to have their product or name copyrighted or patented. AShow MoreRelatedAdvertising : Advertising And Advertising1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Every Advertising campaign main focus is to be cost effective, reach the largest target audience and most importantly should attract new customers.(allbusiess.com) Advertising plays a crucial role for every company regarding the size of the company, it doesn’t matter if the company is big or small an effective and well planned ad campaign can do wonders for the company. â€Å"Effective advertising reaches potential customers and informs them of your products or services. Ideally, advertising shouldRead MoreAdvertising Analysis : Advertising And Advertising Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagespromote sales. Since that time advertising has come a long way, with the introduction of advertising slogans and jingles cleverly designed to play on human pyschology and thereby maximise product sales. Within the last 150 years, forms of media that have been recently invented have become the most popular ways of advertising - such as radio, television and newspapers/magazines/billboards. Th ese forms of media have been a gateway to allow subtle advanced advertising techniques to be used, althoughRead MoreAdvertising And Its Effect On Advertising939 Words   |  4 Pages Advertising Advertising has become an important thing in our everyday life. Almost all the companies make advertisements these days. Usually companies when launching a new product gives advertisement about their products may be in on television or newspaper. This kind of advertising attracts audiences who are likely to buy the product. For example, the advertisement of cola attracts a large part of audience and they are influenced by watching their favorite stars drinking a cola on television thatRead MoreAdvertising : The Goal Of Advertising969 Words   |  4 PagesThe goal of advertising is to convince the consumer will be better with the product. Their main concern is to sell the product. They care about the money more than they care about their product’s efficiency. Everything is being advertised today. You can watch a commercial and suddenly feel a need for the product. Advertisers will â€Å"make† you by the product by having a creative name of their product and a catchy slo gan. Commercials can have an impact on our culture because of how advertising is performedRead MoreThe Beauty Of Advertising : Advertising1433 Words   |  6 Pages13 September 2017 The Beauty of Advertising In a society where we are encouraged to purchase the top brands, the shiniest jewelry, and the best products on the market, companies have began to put themselves out there. One of the main ways they have attempted to accomplish this is through advertising. Advertisements can be found virtually anywhere ranging from the newspaper to TV commercials to billboards†¦ The possibilities are endless. Competition in the advertising world is fierce as corporationsRead MoreAdvertising : Teens And Advertising1099 Words   |  5 Pages Ahumareze Paula 1358 English 101 M. Gonzalez Project 3: Research November 17, 2014 Word count: 872 Abstract word count: 102 TEENS AND ADVERTISING Abstract: companies have to sell their products. In order for them to, they have targeted a particular group of people which are teens. Advertisers know teens are very vulnerable, and want to be seen as â€Å"cool† and for these companies to sell their product, they (advertisers) paint this unrealistic image of a teenager, in their (teens) heads. They (advertisers)Read MoreAdvertising And The Advertising Groups1057 Words   |  5 PagesOften you hear the phrase, â€Å"there is truth in advertising†. More and more media groups use unique and gimmicky concepts to grab the attention of their desired audience. One such concept commonly employed by advertising groups is scare tactics. Groups such as the Truth Campaign or the American Cancer Association have been using stark commercials with dark, and often graphic, materials to get across their anti-tobacco message. One of these ads (above) uses familiar imagery in a provocative way toRead MoreAdvertising : The Rhetoric Of Advertising829 Words   |  4 Pagesmanage to distinguish brands not with the merchandise, but with ads themselves. This is possible because advertisers manipulate consumers’ thought processes with rhetorical and visual techniques. Stuart Hirschberg, author of, â€Å"The Rhetoric of Advertising†, asserts that, â€Å"ads appear as mini-arguments† (132). Unlike arguments, ads can avoid scrutiny because of techniques called weasel words. William Lutz, a former English professor, states in â€Å"With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything† that weaselRead MoreAdvertising Regulation Of The Advertising1812 Words   |  8 PagesREPORT: †¢ Introduction †¢ Why advertising needs to be regulated? †¢ Benefits for businesses by following advertisement regulations †¢ Unfavorable circumstances for businesses by not following advertisement regulations †¢ Types of false advertisements †¢ Advertising to businesses †¢ Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act †¢ Advertising and Marketing Law †¢ REGULATIONS THAT AFFECT ADVERTISING †¢ Advertising Standards Regulation in Australia †¢ International advertising regulation †¢ How would youRead MoreAdvertising1204 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Impact Of Advertising Impact based advertising is a form of advertising designed to have a lasting psychological effect on viewers so they will remember the product or vendor. This approach can help advertising produce the greatest results for a given expenditure. Impact based advertising is often contrasted with impression based advertising, which is focused on the number of times that an ad is seen and does not differentiate between segments of the audience. Impact-based advertising seeks to give

Sunday, December 15, 2019

India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. Free Essays

Ashley Thompson AP World History Ms Thurgood,1-3 Chapter 6: India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B. C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E. or any similar topic only for you Order Now -600 C. E. P: *Around 1000 B. C. E the people were divided into kinship groups while the kings ruled over the tribes. Later under the Kings were military and civil officials, which dealt with records, income of the government and custom duties. During the Gupta empire there was a rather decentralized administration unlike the Mauryan Empire. *Brahmans and warriors were at the highest point in the Hierarchy and there were structural laws based on the caste system. Rulers in Southeast Asia used their Indian knowledge and personnel to increase their power. E: *Heavy taxes were imposed on common people during the Gupta Empire. India traded extensively with South East and East Asia. *One’s economic status in India could be compared to that of a capitalist society. This is because of the belief in reincarnation, and that whoever you were in your last life determined who you were in your next life. These reincarnations were placed into a caste and whichever caste you were placed in depicted your social and economic status. Who you were and what you did depicted your well being. * The Funan (SE Asia) society was able to take control over the trade route between India and China by extending control over most of Indochina and the Malay Peninsula. R: *There was a spread and development of belief systems such as Vedism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. *There were many religious texts such as: Mahabharata- The vast epic of the events leading up to a battle between kinship groups in early India. Bhagavad-Gita: A dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna about the fate of the spirit. Vedas: Religious texts communicated orally by Brahmin priests that were eventually written down and are the main source of about the Vedic period. *Buddha played a major role in the spread of Buddhism, as he was the founder. S: *Class and Caste: The varna/jati was the main categories of social identity. The Varna contained the 4 major social divisions: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra. Underneath these were the Untouchables who were excluded from the class system. The jati were the regional groups of people who had common occupancy who generally interacted with the people from their group. *In terms with the patriarchal society women had little rights. In the Gupta Empire moreso women lost their rights to own and inherit property, and were banned from studying sacred texts and participate in sacrificial rituals. They also were married at a very early age. Some women escaped male control by joining Jainist and Buddhist communities. COT: Although women were never viewed as on the same level socially as men, their rights declined dramatically between 320 C. E. -550 C. E. I: *ca. 1500 B. C. E. there was a migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. There were interactions between Asia and India through trade. * In SE Asia Indian culture was received, what was useful to them was extracted and put into beliefs and values. A: Many statues, sculptures, and temp les were built to honor Hindu deities and also to honor Buddha. important points: *ca. 500 B. C. E. – Siddhartha Gautama founds Buddhism; Mahavira founds Jainism. This is important because this was the beginning of two very important and influential religions of this time. *ca. 1500 B. C. E. – Migration of Indo-European people into northwest India. This was important because these people brought in outside influences, and they also started the prejudice of the Dasas by the Aryans, which led to the caste system. *550 C. E. – Collapse of the Gupta Empire. This was important because this was the end of an empire of poor economy and low status of women. Vocabulary *moksha: The Hindu concept of the spirit’s â€Å"liberation† from the endless cycle of rebirths. * â€Å" Great Vehicles† branch of Buddhism that focuses on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened people who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. *Theravada Buddhism: â€Å"Way of the elders† branch of Buddhism that downplays the importance of the gods and emphasizes the individual’s search for enlightenment. Tamil Kingdoms: The kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages, which developed in partial isolation, that produced epics, poetry, and performance arts. *Funan: An early complex society in Southeast Asia between the 1st and 6th centuries C. E. It was centered in the rice-growing region of southern Vietnam. Comparative thesis: Although both India and Southeast Asia between 1500 B. C. E-300C. E. had apparent religion, India had a more structured system, while in Asia there was a more open influence on religion. How to cite India and Southeast Asia, 1500 B.C.E.-600 C.E., Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Ebonics Essay Paper Example For Students

Ebonics Essay Paper One of the biggest evidence that shows that Spoken Soul (Ebonics)is thriving well is its use among black comedians. Black comedians use Spoken Soul to enrich their comic routines and use it in contrast with Standard English. Black comedy has been recognized since 1893, with Bert Williams and the 2 Real Coons. In the 1920s, due to segregation, blacks in the midwest and the south had to perform under the auspices of an organization known as the Theatre Owners Booking Association (TOBA). With black comedians, the humor lies in the swapping of voices, a principle that was common in the 1920s with Sammy Davis Jr., in 1975 with Richard Pryor, TV shows like GoodTimes, and is still seen today with black comedians live performances, such as seen on BETs Comic View. The contrast between black and white styles of speech are usually exploited for humorous effects, as seen in Steve Harvey’s 1997 live performances There are two workers who are about to be fired by their boss, Tom, one white (Bob), one black (Willie). What makes these types of comedy routines humorous is that one can obviously see the cultural contrast between Bob and Willie. Its easy to see the difference in rhetorical styles, the way the voices sound, their demeanor, Bob seems nave, and more willing to accept the situation, while Willie seems more savvy and confrontational. This is a recurrence in black humor, where blacks are portrayed as being sharp, and more capable of being self assertive, contrary to the dominant society’s stereotype that blacks are less articulate. Another thing found in black humor is that black comedians are quick to poke fun at black folks in general. This routine also shows how blacks in this country are able to go back and forth in their everyday life from â€Å"soultalk† to â€Å"standard english†, depending on who they are talking to, the situation, and circumstancesBibliography: